# GardenCalc

> Plan your garden. Grow more. Waste less.


## Posts

- [Overwatered or Underwatered? How to Tell What Your Plant Needs](https://theplantcalculator.com/overwatered-or-underwatered-plant/): Drooping leaves can mean too much water or too little. Here is how to tell the difference from the leaves, soil and roots, and what to do next.
- [How Often to Water Potted Plants (and How Much)](https://theplantcalculator.com/how-often-to-water-potted-plants/): Potted plants dry out far faster than garden beds. Here is how often to water by pot size, plant and season, and how to tell when it is time.
- [Hello world!](https://theplantcalculator.com/hello-world/): Welcome to WordPress. This is your first post. Edit or delete it, then start writing!
- [Mulch, Compost or Topsoil? What Each Does and How Much to Buy](https://theplantcalculator.com/mulch-vs-compost-vs-topsoil/): They come in similar bags, but mulch, compost and topsoil do very different jobs. Here is when to use each, how deep to spread it and how much to buy.
- [Rainwater Harvesting at Home: How Much Can Your Roof Collect?](https://theplantcalculator.com/how-much-rainwater-can-my-roof-collect/): Every millimetre of rain on your roof is free water for the garden. Here is how to estimate what you can collect and how much storage is worth having.
- [Grow Your Own Bouquets: Planning a Cut Flower Patch Week by Week](https://theplantcalculator.com/plan-a-cut-flower-patch-for-weekly-bouquets/): A cut flower patch can fill a vase every week from early summer to frost. Here is how to work back from bouquets to stems, plants and sowing dates.
- [How Many Vegetable Plants Per Person? Plan by Servings, Not Guesswork](https://theplantcalculator.com/how-many-vegetable-plants-per-person/): Plants-per-person charts ignore what your family actually eats. Here is a better way to plan: start from servings, use realistic yields and stagger sowings.
- [Square Foot Gardening: Plants per Square Chart and Planning Guide](https://theplantcalculator.com/square-foot-gardening-plants-per-square/): Square foot gardening packs a lot of food into a small bed. Here is the plants-per-square chart, how to lay out a 4 × 4 bed and the mistakes to avoid.
- [How Much Soil Do I Need for a Raised Bed? A Practical Guide](https://theplantcalculator.com/how-much-soil-for-a-raised-bed/): Raised beds hold far more soil than they look. Here is how to work out the volume, choose a mix, allow for settling and decide between bags and a bulk delivery.

## Pages

- [Microgreens Tray & Seed Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/seed-starting-propagation/microgreens-seed-calculator/): Microgreens go from seed to plate in one to two weeks, which makes them ideal for a steady weekly supply, as long as you sow the right number of trays every week.
- [Windowsill Herb Garden Planner](https://theplantcalculator.com/small-space-gardening/windowsill-herb-garden-calculator/): A windowsill herb garden puts fresh basil, parsley and chives within reach of the chopping board.
- [Self-Watering Container Reservoir Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/small-space-gardening/self-watering-reservoir-calculator/): Self-watering planters store water in a reservoir under the soil and wick it up as plants need it.
- [Wildflower Meadow Seed Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/flower-planning/wildflower-seed-calculator/): A wildflower patch is one of the easiest ways to bring pollinators into a garden, but sowing too thickly wastes expensive seed and lets the vigorous species crowd out the rest.
- [Flower Subscription (CSA) Planner](https://theplantcalculator.com/flower-planning/flower-subscription-planner/): A flower subscription turns a cut-flower patch into a steady weekly routine: the same number of bouquets every delivery day, paid for in advance.
- [Dried Flower Bunch & Drying Space Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/flower-planning/dried-flower-drying-space-calculator/): Air-drying is the simplest way to keep summer flowers for wreaths, bouquets and crafts: small bunches hung upside down somewhere dark, dry and airy.
- [Seed Saving Reserve Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/home-harvest-planning/how-many-seeds-to-save-calculator/): Saving your own seed is satisfying and cheap, but it is easy to save far too few, or far too many, of the wrong things.
- [Kitchen Herb Harvest Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/home-harvest-planning/herb-plants-per-week-calculator/): One supermarket basil plant rarely survives a week of pesto.
- [Garden Path Gravel Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/garden-diy-projects/garden-path-gravel-calculator/): Gravel is sold by volume, by weight and by the bag, depending on where you buy it.
- [Row Cover Hoop & Fabric Cut-List Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/garden-diy-projects/row-cover-fabric-calculator/): A low tunnel of hoops and fabric protects crops from frost, wind, insects and birds.
- [Bulb & Corm Planting Quantity Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/seed-starting-propagation/flower-bulb-spacing-calculator/): Spring bulbs look best in generous drifts, and drifts take more bulbs than most people expect.
- [Seedling Pot-Up Soil Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/seed-starting-propagation/seedling-potting-up-calculator/): Seedlings that outgrow their cells need potting on before they get stressed and leggy.
- [Cutting Propagation Batch Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/seed-starting-propagation/plant-cuttings-propagation-calculator/): Not every cutting roots, and not every rooted cutting survives potting on.
- [Seed Starting Mix Batch Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/seed-starting-propagation/seed-starting-mix-calculator/): Seed-starting mix is fine, light and comparatively expensive, so it pays to mix only what your trays need.
- [Houseplant Repotting Batch Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/small-space-gardening/houseplant-repotting-soil-calculator/): Repotting day goes faster when the mix is ready before the first plant comes out of its pot.
- [Hanging Basket Plant & Soil Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/small-space-gardening/hanging-basket-plant-calculator/): Lush hanging baskets are planted far more densely than beds: trailing plants around the edge, an upright plant or two in the centre and, in lined wire baskets, plants poking through the sides too.
- [Grow Bag Soil Mix Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/small-space-gardening/grow-bag-soil-calculator/): Fabric grow bags are sold by gallon size, but potting mix is sold in litres, quarts or cubic feet, and good grow-bag mixes blend several ingredients.
- [Balcony Container Layout Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/small-space-gardening/balcony-container-layout-calculator/): A balcony garden lives or dies by its layout.
- [Flower Farm Stem Revenue Estimator](https://theplantcalculator.com/flower-planning/flower-stem-revenue-calculator/): Before you give a flower a bed on a small farm or market garden, it helps to know what that bed might earn.
- [Cut-Flower Succession Sowing Planner](https://theplantcalculator.com/flower-planning/cut-flower-succession-planner/): A single sowing of cut flowers gives a flush of blooms, then quality and stem length fall away.
- [Wedding & Event Flower Quantity Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/flower-planning/wedding-flower-quantity-calculator/): Whether you are growing flowers for your own wedding, a friend's celebration or a client, the first question is always the same: how many stems?
- [GardenCalc](https://theplantcalculator.com/)
- [Weekly Salad Garden Planner](https://theplantcalculator.com/home-harvest-planning/weekly-salad-garden-planner/): The classic salad-garden problem is feast then famine: a whole row bolts in the same fortnight, then there is nothing for a month.
- [Family Vegetable Planting Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/home-harvest-planning/family-vegetable-planting-calculator/): Charts that say grow two tomato plants per person ignore how much your household actually eats.
- [Garden Border & Edging Length Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/garden-diy-projects/garden-edging-calculator/): Edging gives a border a crisp line and stops grass creeping into the bed.
- [Garden Netting Cover Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/garden-diy-projects/garden-netting-calculator/): Netting keeps birds off berries, butterflies off brassicas and cats off seedbeds, but only if it reaches the ground on every side.
- [Garden Trellis Material & Cut-List Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/garden-diy-projects/garden-trellis-material-calculator/): A trellis turns cucumbers, climbing beans, peas and sweet peas into a tidy vertical wall of food or flowers.
- [Plant Support, Stake & Cage Quantity Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/garden-diy-projects/plant-support-calculator/): Staking at planting time is far easier than wrestling a sprawling tomato later.
- [Seedling Shelf & Tray Capacity Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/seed-starting-propagation/seedling-shelf-capacity-calculator/): Before you buy another seed tray or light, it helps to know exactly how many trays your shelving holds.
- [Seed Tape Length & Seed Count Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/seed-starting-propagation/seed-tape-calculator/): Seed tape puts small, fiddly seeds exactly where they need to be, so you thin less and waste fewer seeds.
- [Window Box Planting Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/small-space-gardening/window-box-plant-calculator/): Window boxes look best when they are full, but overcrowding leaves plants competing for a small volume of soil.
- [Vertical Garden Pocket & Soil Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/small-space-gardening/vertical-garden-pocket-calculator/): Vertical pocket planters turn a bare wall or balcony railing into a growing space for herbs, strawberries, lettuce and trailing flowers.
- [Bouquet Stem Recipe Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/flower-planning/bouquet-stem-recipe-calculator/): A good bouquet is a recipe: a few focal blooms, supporting flowers, filler, greenery and something airy for movement.
- [Weekly Bouquet Production Planner](https://theplantcalculator.com/flower-planning/weekly-bouquet-production-planner/): Most cut-flower plans start with seeds and hope for the best. This planner starts at the other end: the bouquets you want to make every week.
- [Disclaimer](https://theplantcalculator.com/disclaimer/): The calculators and information on GardenCalc are for general planning only.
- [Terms of Use](https://theplantcalculator.com/terms/): By using GardenCalc you agree to these terms.
- [Contact](https://theplantcalculator.com/contact/): We read every message. Tell us about a calculator that gave an unexpected result, a tool you would like us to build, or a correction to our guidance.
- [Editorial Policy](https://theplantcalculator.com/editorial-policy/): This page explains how GardenCalc creates, checks and updates its calculators and guides.
- [About GardenCalc](https://theplantcalculator.com/about/): GardenCalc is a free library of project calculators for home gardeners, cut-flower growers and anyone growing in a small space.
- [Kitchen Garden & Harvest](https://theplantcalculator.com/home-harvest-planning/): Start from what your household actually eats, then work out the plants, sowings and bed space to match.
- [DIY Garden Projects](https://theplantcalculator.com/garden-diy-projects/): Build it once, buy it once.
- [Seed Starting & Propagation](https://theplantcalculator.com/seed-starting-propagation/): Practical planning tools for the seed-starting bench: from making seed tape for direct-sown rows to fitting trays onto a grow shelf.
- [Balcony & Small-Space Gardens](https://theplantcalculator.com/small-space-gardening/): Small spaces leave no room for guesswork.
- [Cut Flowers & Bouquets](https://theplantcalculator.com/flower-planning/): Tools for cut-flower growers, market gardeners and anyone growing their own bouquets.
- [All Garden Calculators](https://theplantcalculator.com/calculators/)
- [Privacy Policy](https://theplantcalculator.com/privacy-policy/): This policy explains what information GardenCalc collects and how it is used.
- [Greenhouse Cost Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/greenhouse-indoor-growing/greenhouse-cost-calculator/): Greenhouse prices range from a few hundred dollars for a small polytunnel to tens of thousands for a custom glasshouse.
- [Ground Cover Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/planting-spacing/ground-cover-calculator/): Ground covers fill bare soil, suppress weeds and replace lawn on slopes and in shade.
- [Compost C:N Ratio Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/soil-compost/compost-cn-ratio-calculator/): Compost heats up and breaks down fastest when it has about 25–30 parts carbon for every part nitrogen.
- [Topsoil Weight to Cubic Feet Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/soil-compost/topsoil-weight-to-cubic-feet-calculator/): Bags of topsoil are labelled by weight in some shops and by volume in others, while beds are measured in cubic feet or litres.
- [Garden Cost Estimator](https://theplantcalculator.com/trees-land-costs/garden-cost-estimator/): A new vegetable garden has a few big costs (bed frames and soil) and many small ones.
- [Acres Per Hour Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/trees-land-costs/acres-per-hour-calculator/): Field capacity tells you how much ground a machine covers in an hour, so you can plan a day's work or compare equipment.
- [Land Clearing Cost Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/trees-land-costs/land-clearing-cost-calculator/): Clearing land for a garden, pasture or building is priced per acre, but the range is huge: mowing light brush costs a fraction of clearing mature woodland.
- [Tree Trimming Cost Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/trees-land-costs/tree-trimming-cost-calculator/): Regular pruning keeps trees healthy and safe, and costs far less than removal. Prices scale mostly with tree size.
- [Tree Removal Cost Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/trees-land-costs/tree-removal-cost-calculator/): Tree removal prices depend mostly on height, then on how hard the tree is to reach and how risky it is to fell.
- [Black Walnut Value Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/trees-land-costs/black-walnut-tree-value-calculator/): Black walnut is one of the most valuable hardwoods in North America, and buyers pay by the board foot.
- [Oak Tree Value Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/trees-land-costs/oak-tree-value-calculator/): Large, healthy oaks add real value to a property, and insurers, courts and councils use standard methods to put a figure on them.
- [Tree Age Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/trees-land-costs/tree-age-calculator/): Counting rings means cutting or coring a tree.
- [Tree Spacing Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/trees-land-costs/tree-spacing-calculator/): Tree spacing sets how many trees you buy and how the orchard or woodland will look in twenty years.
- [Sun Exposure Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/planting-dates-climate/sun-exposure-calculator/): Plant labels say 'full sun' or 'part shade', but what that means in hours is often unclear.
- [Chill Hours Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/planting-dates-climate/chill-hours-calculator/): Apples, peaches, cherries and blueberries need a certain amount of winter cold to flower and fruit well.
- [Growing Degree Days Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/planting-dates-climate/growing-degree-days-calculator/): Plants and insects develop according to heat, not calendar days.
- [Harvest Date Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/planting-dates-climate/harvest-date-calculator/): Days to maturity on a seed packet tells you roughly how long a crop takes, but you still need to count forward on a calendar, and remember that transplant crops count from planting out.
- [Transplant Date Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/planting-dates-climate/transplant-date-calculator/): Transplants do best when they go out at the right size and the right time: big enough to cope, but not root-bound, and never into frost.
- [Planting Calendar](https://theplantcalculator.com/planting-dates-climate/planting-calendar-calculator/): Every seed packet says 'sow 6–8 weeks before last frost' or similar.
- [First Frost Date Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/planting-dates-climate/first-frost-date-calculator/): Autumn crops are planted in the heat of summer but mature as days shorten and cool.
- [Last Frost Date Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/planting-dates-climate/last-frost-date-calculator/): The last spring frost decides when tender crops such as tomatoes, peppers and beans can go outside.
- [Hydroponic System Cost Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/greenhouse-indoor-growing/hydroponic-system-cost-calculator/): Hydroponics can grow food year-round, but lights and pumps run every day.
- [Aeroponics Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/greenhouse-indoor-growing/aeroponics-calculator/): Aeroponics sprays nutrient mist directly onto hanging roots.
- [DWC Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/greenhouse-indoor-growing/dwc-calculator/): Deep water culture suspends plant roots in an oxygenated nutrient solution.
- [VPD Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/greenhouse-indoor-growing/vpd-calculator/): Vapour pressure deficit (VPD) combines temperature and humidity into one number that tells you how strongly plants transpire.
- [Grow Light Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/greenhouse-indoor-growing/grow-light-calculator/): Plants respond to the number of light particles (photons) they receive, not to watts.
- [Greenhouse Size Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/greenhouse-indoor-growing/greenhouse-size-calculator/): The most common greenhouse regret is buying one too small. Start from what you want to grow in it and the bench space follows.
- [Greenhouse Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/greenhouse-indoor-growing/greenhouse-heater-calculator/): A greenhouse loses heat through every pane, and the colder the night the faster it goes.
- [Evapotranspiration Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/water-irrigation/evapotranspiration-calculator/): Evapotranspiration (ET) is the water lost from soil and plants to the air, and it is the basis of good irrigation.
- [Crop Water Requirement Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/water-irrigation/crop-water-requirement-calculator/): Crops use different amounts of water at different stages: a young tomato uses little, a full-canopy plant in fruit uses more than a lawn.
- [Rainwater Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/water-irrigation/rainwater-harvesting-calculator/): A roof turns every rainfall into free garden water: 1 mm of rain on 1 m² of roof is 1 litre, and 1 inch on 1,000 sq ft is about 620 gallons.
- [Drip Irrigation Pump Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/water-irrigation/drip-irrigation-pump-calculator/): Pumping from a rain tank, pond or well means the pump must lift the water, push it through the pipe and still deliver enough pressure for the emitters.
- [Drip Flow Rate Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/water-irrigation/drip-flow-rate-calculator/): Every drip tube has a limit to how much water it can carry before pressure at the far end drops.
- [Drip Emitter Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/water-irrigation/drip-emitter-calculator/): The simplest way to set a drip timer is to start with how much each plant needs per day and divide by how fast its emitters deliver.
- [Drip Irrigation Planner](https://theplantcalculator.com/water-irrigation/drip-irrigation-planner/): Drip irrigation puts water right at the roots with little waste, but planning it means counting a lot of small parts.
- [Sprinkler Coverage Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/water-irrigation/sprinkler-coverage-calculator/): Knowing how fast a sprinkler system applies water, its precipitation rate, is the key to setting run times and avoiding runoff.
- [Sprinkler Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/water-irrigation/sprinkler-calculator/): Sprinklers work properly only when each head throws water all the way to its neighbours, called head-to-head coverage.
- [Irrigation Run Time Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/water-irrigation/irrigation-run-time-calculator/): Controllers ask for minutes, but gardens need millimetres or inches of water.
- [Irrigation Scheduling Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/water-irrigation/irrigation-scheduling-calculator/): Good irrigation scheduling refills the root zone just before plants start to struggle.
- [Watering Schedule Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/water-irrigation/garden-watering-schedule-calculator/): Most gardens need about 25 mm (1 in) of water a week in the growing season, from rain and watering together.
- [Row Spacing Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/planting-spacing/row-spacing-calculator/): Fitting rows across a bed is simple arithmetic that is easy to get wrong in the garden.
- [Crop Spacing Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/planting-spacing/crop-spacing-calculator/): Every crop has its own comfortable spacing: carrots a few centimetres, squash nearly a metre. Getting it right avoids crowding, disease and wasted space.
- [Plants Per Acre Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/planting-spacing/plants-per-acre-calculator/): Whether you are planting an orchard, a shelterbelt, a berry patch or a field, the first question is how many plants to order.
- [Plant Population Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/planting-spacing/plant-population-calculator/): Plant population is the number of plants per unit area, and it drives yield in row crops.
- [Soil Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/soil-compost/soil-calculator/): Whether you are filling a bed, levelling a lawn or laying a path base, the first questions are how much and how heavy.
- [Garden Volume Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/soil-compost/garden-volume-calculator/): Soil, compost, mulch and water are all sold by volume, in different units depending on the product and the country.
- [Crop Rotation Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/home-harvest-planning/crop-rotation-planner/): Growing the same crop family in the same place year after year builds up soil pests and diseases and drains the same nutrients.
- [Companion Planting Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/home-harvest-planning/companion-planting-calculator/): Companion planting pairs crops that are said to help each other, for example by deterring pests, attracting pollinators or sharing space well, and separates those said to compete or share diseases.
- [Crop Yield Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/home-harvest-planning/crop-yield-calculator/): Knowing roughly what a bed will produce helps you decide how much to plant, and shows what your garden is worth.
- [Seed Rate Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/seed-starting-propagation/seed-rate-calculator/): Sowing by weight is the norm for cereals, cover crops and lawns, but seed size varies a lot between varieties and lots.
- [Seed Germination Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/seed-starting-propagation/seed-germination-calculator/): Old or poorly stored seed loses vigour. A quick paper-towel test tells you whether it is still worth sowing and how thickly to sow it.
- [Seed Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/seed-starting-propagation/seed-calculator/): Running out of seed halfway down a row is annoying; buying five packets you never use is wasteful.
- [Trees, Land & Costs](https://theplantcalculator.com/trees-land-costs/): Plan orchards and woodland, estimate a tree's age or value, and budget for tree work, land clearing and a new garden before you call a contractor.
- [Planting Dates & Climate](https://theplantcalculator.com/planting-dates-climate/): Timing is half of gardening. These tools turn frost dates, temperatures and sunlight into real dates for sowing, planting out and harvesting.
- [Greenhouse, Indoor & Hydroponics](https://theplantcalculator.com/greenhouse-indoor-growing/): Tools for growing under cover: size a greenhouse and its heater, light an indoor garden, keep humidity in the right range and plan hydroponic systems without guesswork.
- [Soil Drainage Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/fertilizer-soil-testing/soil-drainage-calculator/): Poor drainage kills more plants than most pests.
- [Soil Moisture Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/fertilizer-soil-testing/soil-moisture-calculator/): Knowing how wet your soil really is takes the guesswork out of watering.
- [Soil Organic Matter Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/fertilizer-soil-testing/soil-organic-matter-calculator/): Organic matter drives soil life, structure and water holding, and soil tests report it as a percentage.
- [Soil Texture Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/fertilizer-soil-testing/soil-texture-calculator/): Soil texture, the mix of sand, silt and clay, decides how fast your soil drains, how much water and nutrients it holds and how easy it is to dig.
- [Fertilizer Mixer](https://theplantcalculator.com/fertilizer-soil-testing/liquid-fertilizer-mixing-calculator/): Liquid feeds work fast, but the label rate is easy to get wrong when your can is a different size from the example on the bottle.
- [Fertilizer Requirement Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/fertilizer-soil-testing/fertilizer-requirement-calculator/): A soil test gives separate targets for nitrogen, phosphate and potash, but a bag of fertilizer supplies all three in fixed proportions.
- [Potassium Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/fertilizer-soil-testing/potassium-fertilizer-calculator/): Potassium strengthens stems and improves flowering, fruit quality and disease resistance.
- [Phosphorus Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/fertilizer-soil-testing/phosphorus-fertilizer-calculator/): Phosphorus builds roots and flowers, but too much harms waterways, so it should be applied only when a soil test says it is low.
- [Nitrogen Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/fertilizer-soil-testing/nitrogen-fertilizer-calculator/): Recommendations are given as actual nitrogen, but fertilizers contain only a share of it: urea is 46% N, ammonium sulfate 21%.
- [Organic Fertilizer Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/fertilizer-soil-testing/organic-fertilizer-calculator/): Organic fertilizers are low and slow compared with synthetic ones: a bag of blood meal is 12% nitrogen, bone meal mostly phosphate, kelp a little potash.
- [Manure Application Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/fertilizer-soil-testing/manure-application-calculator/): Manure is a great soil feeder, but it varies enormously in strength, and only part of its nitrogen becomes available in the first year.
- [Gypsum Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/fertilizer-soil-testing/gypsum-calculator/): Gypsum (calcium sulfate) supplies calcium and sulfur without changing pH, and it helps flush sodium from salt-affected soil.
- [Lime Application Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/fertilizer-soil-testing/lime-application-calculator/): A soil test usually tells you how much lime to apply as pure calcium carbonate.
- [Soil pH Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/fertilizer-soil-testing/soil-ph-calculator/): Soil pH controls how easily plants can take up nutrients. Most vegetables and lawns do best around 6.0–7.0, while blueberries and azaleas need acid soil.
- [Lawn Fertilizer Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/lawn-turf/lawn-fertilizer-calculator/): Lawn fertilizer bags say how much area they cover, but that assumes their own spreader setting and feeding plan.
- [Fertilizer & Soil Testing](https://theplantcalculator.com/fertilizer-soil-testing/): Turn a soil test into a plan.
- [Garden Guides](https://theplantcalculator.com/guides/)
- [Sod & Turf Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/lawn-turf/sod-calculator/): Turf, or sod, gives you a finished lawn in a day, but it is perishable and must be laid within about a day of delivery.
- [Grass Seed Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/lawn-turf/grass-seed-calculator/): Too little grass seed gives a thin, weedy lawn; too much wastes money and makes seedlings compete.
- [Rain Barrel & Rainwater Harvesting Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/water-irrigation/rain-barrel-calculator/): A roof collects far more water than most people expect: every millimetre of rain on a modest roof fills buckets.
- [Flower Bed Plant Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/planting-spacing/flower-bed-calculator/): Borders look best layered: tall plants at the back, medium plants in the middle and low edging at the front.
- [Garden Bed & Path Layout Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/planting-spacing/garden-bed-layout-calculator/): Before buying timber or soil, it pays to plan how your beds and paths will fit the plot.
- [Garden Area Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/planting-spacing/garden-area-calculator/): Almost every garden calculation starts with area: seed, fertiliser, mulch, sod.
- [Plants per Square Foot Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/planting-spacing/plants-per-square-foot-calculator/): Ground covers, bedding plants and plugs are often sold by density: plants per square foot or per square metre.
- [Plant Spacing Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/planting-spacing/plant-spacing-calculator/): Spacing printed on seed packets is easy to read but hard to apply to a real bed.
- [Square Foot Garden Planner](https://theplantcalculator.com/planting-spacing/square-foot-garden-planner/): Square foot gardening divides a bed into a grid and plants each square at a fixed density: one tomato, four lettuces, nine beans or sixteen carrots.
- [Soil Amendment Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/soil-compost/soil-amendment-calculator/): Mixing compost or grit into existing soil is the classic way to improve clay or sandy ground.
- [Potting Soil Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/soil-compost/potting-soil-calculator/): Potting soil bags never seem to fill as many pots as you expect. Large containers hold a lot, and tapered pots hold less than their top size suggests.
- [Compost Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/soil-compost/compost-calculator/): Compost is the backbone of healthy soil, whether it is spread on top every year, used to build no-dig beds or dug into a new border.
- [Mulch Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/soil-compost/mulch-calculator/): A good layer of mulch suppresses weeds, holds moisture and makes beds look finished. Too thin and weeds push through; too thick and roots suffocate.
- [Topsoil Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/soil-compost/topsoil-calculator/): Topsoil is sold by the bag, by weight (tonnes) or by volume (cubic metres or cubic yards), and loose soil settles once it is firmed and watered.
- [Raised Bed Soil Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/soil-compost/raised-bed-soil-calculator/): Raised beds swallow more soil than most people expect, and a deep bed can need a bulk delivery rather than a car boot full of bags.
- [Lawn & Turf](https://theplantcalculator.com/lawn-turf/): New lawn, patchy lawn or a full re-turf: work out the grass seed, sod rolls and pallets you need before you order.
- [Water & Irrigation](https://theplantcalculator.com/water-irrigation/): Water is the input gardens use most. These tools size rain barrels, plan irrigation and work out how much water your garden really needs.
- [Planting & Spacing](https://theplantcalculator.com/planting-spacing/): Spacing decides how much you can grow and how healthy it stays.
- [Soil, Compost & Mulch](https://theplantcalculator.com/soil-compost/): How much soil, compost or mulch do you need, and is it cheaper by the bag or by the bulk load?
- [Berry Plants Per Person Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/home-harvest-planning/berry-plants-per-person-calculator/): Homegrown berries are expensive to buy and easy to grow, so it pays to plant enough.
- [Seed Potato Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/home-harvest-planning/seed-potato-calculator/): Seed potatoes are sold by weight, but you plant them one by one along a row.
- [Garlic Planting Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/home-harvest-planning/garlic-planting-calculator/): Garlic is planted clove by clove, and the biggest cloves make the biggest bulbs.
- [Shade Cloth Size Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/garden-diy-projects/shade-cloth-size-calculator/): In hot summers, shade cloth keeps lettuce from bolting, stops tomatoes scalding and gives seedlings a break from the afternoon sun.
- [Stepping Stone Path Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/garden-diy-projects/stepping-stone-path-calculator/): Stepping stones through a lawn or border are cheap, quick to lay and easy to walk on, but only if they are spaced to a natural stride.
- [Garden Fence for Rabbits & Deer Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/garden-diy-projects/garden-fence-calculator/): Rabbits, groundhogs and deer can flatten a vegetable patch overnight.
- [Compost Bay Build Calculator (Pallets or Boards)](https://theplantcalculator.com/garden-diy-projects/compost-bay-pallet-calculator/): A row of compost bays lets you fill one, turn into the next and use the third, which is the classic system for fast, tidy compost.
- [Cold Frame Build Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/garden-diy-projects/cold-frame-plans-calculator/): A cold frame is a bottomless box with a clear sloping lid: a mini greenhouse for hardening off seedlings and stretching the season.
- [Raised Bed Lumber & Cut-List Calculator](https://theplantcalculator.com/garden-diy-projects/raised-bed-lumber-calculator/): Building raised beds yourself is cheaper than buying kits, but working out the boards to buy, how to cut them and how many posts and screws you need takes a careful hour with a pencil.


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